Issues
Case studies
Further resources

" WHAT ARE THE ISSUES FACING SMALL ISLANDS?

Rachel's work includes work on sustainable tourism development and policy implementation on islands and she has also undertaken work in many small island destinations (Mediterranean, Caribbean, SE Asia). The following are island issues and vulnerabilities which she has encountered:

"Environmental
" Water - water shortages or water usage
" Energy - renewable energy usage, power shortages
" Waste Management - landfill issues, lack of recycling due to awareness or critical mass
" Erosion / Coastal Zone Management - e.g. trail erosion, mangrove removal causing erosion
" Noise pollution
" Infrastructure congestion
" Climate Change - rising sea levels
" Crowding - pressure of tourist traffic in destinations

"Social / Marketing
" Marketing - lack of island identity, lack of a unified brand to promote the island, marketing cooperation issues
" Seasonality - short season
" Crime
" Lack of identify - competition with other islands/island insularity
" Quality standards - not all businesses/attractions have same level of service/quality
" Branding - lack of promotion of island as a brand instead focus on individual products
" Last minute booking - increased use of internet for marketing purposes

"Economic
" Leakage - money from holiday homes leaving island, ferry services being operated by mainland owned business
" Inflation - rise in house prices/goods due to holiday home/tourist presence
" Infrastructure upkeep - roads, schools, overall building maintenance
" Daytripper market - lack of economic contribution to island & potential high environmental impact
" Employment - season or part time employment

"General
" Depopulation - population moving off islands in search of work, aging population
" Access - remote locations, infrequent air/ferry access
" Education - awareness of environmental/social issues in community and to tourists
" Weather - hurricanes, tsunamis, etc.

GOOD PRACTICE CASE STUDIES

• Recycling - Maho Bay Camps, BVI makes glass objects for sale to tourists by recycling glass
• Branding - Arran Island, Scotland offers a Taste of Arran combining all local island food products.
• Chumbe Island, Zanzibar - environmental and marine management

FURTHER RESOURCES

ID21 Insights Magazine
Island vulnerability - informative site on island issues, projects and references
Small Islands Development Network (SIDS)
European Small Island Network (ESIN)
Report by UN on small island sensitivities
Island ecosystems (UN site)
Islands and Small States Institute
Commonwealth Secretariat - Thirty-two of the Commonwealth's 53 member countries are small states
Academic research publications on islands
Commonwealth Secretariat publications

Read about sustainable tourism policy in island destinations - click here to read Rachel's PhD summary
Read Rachel's latest article on sustainable tourism in islands
Read about sustainable tourism in islands

Do you want more information on sustainable tourism? Determine your level of responsibility as an organisation/destination by asking yourself these questions?